Car Spare Parts Names & Functions: A Beginner’s Guide

Knowing the names of car spare parts is fundamental knowledge that every vehicle owner should have. In general, spare parts are components that make up a vehicle, each with a specific function, working together to ensure the car runs smoothly.

If you're just starting to explore the world of automotive, this guide is for you. Understanding the names and functions of car parts will help you identify problems more easily, choose the right replacements, and maintain your car more effectively.

Car Spare Parts Names and Their Functions by Category

Spare parts can be categorized based on their functions, such as engine components, steering systems, braking systems, suspension systems, electrical systems, and exterior and interior parts. Below are some examples of car spare parts from each of these categories.

A. Engine Components

The engine is one of the most crucial areas to understand, as it serves as the main power source and driving mechanism of the vehicle. Here are some essential engine components and their functions:

1. Radiator

The radiator is a car spare part responsible for keeping the engine temperature stable and preventing overheating. It works by circulating coolant throughout the engine to absorb heat, which is then released through cooling fins. Without a properly functioning radiator, the engine may suffer severe damage due to excess heat.

2. Alternator

The alternator is an electrical component that generates electricity when the engine is running. This power charges the battery and supplies electricity to the vehicle’s systems such as lighting, audio, and fuel injection. The alternator is a critical spare part that should be checked regularly, especially if the car shows signs like a quickly draining battery.

3. Spark Plug

Next on the list of car spare parts is the spark plug. This component generates the spark needed for combustion inside the engine cylinder. The spark ignites the air-fuel mixture, which then powers the vehicle. A faulty spark plug can lead to hard starts, poor fuel efficiency, and reduced engine performance.

4. Timing Belt

The timing belt is a drive belt that synchronizes the rotation of the crankshaft and camshaft. It ensures that the engine valves open and close at the correct times during the combustion process. A broken or worn timing belt can cause major engine damage, making regular replacement essential.

5. Engine Oil & Oil Filter

Although engine oil is a fluid, it is considered a vital spare part because it must be replaced regularly to maintain engine performance and longevity. Its main function is to lubricate engine components, reduce friction, and regulate engine temperature.

The oil filter, on the other hand, removes dirt and metal particles from the oil to prevent engine wear. Both the oil and the filter must be changed regularly to ensure long-term engine health and reliable vehicle performance.

B. Steering System Spare Parts

In the list of car spare parts, the steering system is one of the key categories that every car owner should understand, especially since it directly affects driving safety and comfort. Each component in this system works together to ensure precise and responsive vehicle control. Below are the main spare parts in this category:

1. Steering Rack

The steering rack is the main component that transfers movement from the steering wheel to the front wheels. When the driver turns the steering wheel, the rack converts that rotational movement into horizontal motion, allowing the left and right wheels to turn. This part plays a critical role in the car's handling and steering accuracy, especially during turns or maneuvers.

2. Power Steering Pump

The power steering pump is a part of modern steering systems that helps reduce the effort needed to turn the steering wheel. It pumps hydraulic fluid into the steering system, making the wheel feel lighter, particularly when driving slowly or parking.

3. Tie Rod

The tie rod connects the steering rack to the wheels. It transfers force from the rack to the wheels to ensure they turn in the desired direction. Additionally, the tie rod absorbs some of the vibrations from road surfaces, helping to maintain vehicle stability. A worn or damaged tie rod can lead to issues such as shaky steering, misaligned wheels, or clunking sounds when turning.

C. Brake System Spare Parts

The next category we’ll discuss in this list of car spare parts is the brake system. Brake components are responsible for slowing down or stopping the vehicle safely.

1. Master Cylinder

The master cylinder is the main component that converts the driver’s foot pressure on the brake pedal into hydraulic pressure, which is then distributed throughout the brake system. When you press the brake pedal, the master cylinder regulates the amount of fluid pressure sent to each wheel.

2. Brake Pads

Brake pads are the parts that create direct friction with the disc or drum to slow down wheel rotation. These components must have strong grip and be resistant to wear. Brake pads should be checked regularly, if they become too thin, braking effectiveness can decrease and compromise safety.

3. Disc Brake

A disc brake is a metal disc that rotates with the wheel. When the driver presses the brake pedal, the brake pads clamp onto the disc to create friction and reduce vehicle speed. The disc should be flat and free of cracks to ensure consistent and stable braking across all wheels.

Sumber: freepik.com

D. Suspension System Spare Parts

Suspension components play an important role in maintaining driving comfort and vehicle stability. This system functions to absorb shocks from road surfaces and ensure optimal contact between the tires and the road. Two essential components in the suspension system that beginners should know are:

1. Shock Absorber

The shock absorber is a spare part responsible for dampening vibrations and shocks when the vehicle passes over uneven or bumpy roads. It works by converting the kinetic energy from suspension movement into heat energy through the fluid inside its chamber. Shock absorbers not only improve comfort but also help maintain vehicle stability when cornering or making sudden stops.

2. Leaf Spring / Coil Spring

A vehicle’s suspension can use two main types of springs: leaf springs and coil springs. 

• Leaf springs are commonly found in commercial vehicles or heavy-duty cars due to their ability to bear greater loads and distribute pressure evenly.
• Coil springs are more often used in passenger cars as they provide smoother damping and support a more comfortable ride.

The main function of both types of springs is to support the vehicle’s weight and absorb pressure from road surfaces, ensuring the cabin remains stable and comfortable.

E. Exterior & Interior Spare Parts

When discussing the names of car spare parts, it's also important to understand the components located on the exterior and interior of the vehicle. Although not directly related to engine performance, these spare parts significantly influence comfort, safety, and the overall driving experience.

1. Side Mirrors (Rearview Mirrors)

Side mirrors are among the most important car spare parts in terms of safety. Their main function is to help the driver see areas behind and beside the vehicle, especially when changing lanes, parking, or reversing.

2. Wipers (Windshield Wipers)

In the list of car spare parts, wipers are often underestimated, even though their role is crucial. Wipers are used to clear rain, dust, or debris from the windshield to maintain clear visibility. This component consists of rubber blades, wiper arms, and a motor. Good wiper condition is especially necessary during the rainy season.

3. Dashboard and Center Console

The dashboard is the panel located at the front interior of the car, directly in front of the driver. This is where key indicators such as speed, fuel level, engine temperature, and entertainment systems are found. The center console typically houses the AC system, audio controls, and other control buttons.

4. Car Seats

Car seats are interior spare parts that greatly impact comfort. Besides serving as seating for the driver and passengers, the design and materials of the seats also contribute to the vehicle’s aesthetics.

Understanding the names of car spare parts and their functions is a crucial first step for every vehicle owner, especially beginners. This knowledge not only simplifies maintenance and service procedures but also helps you communicate more effectively with mechanics and technicians.

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